Encode madonna to Base64

Base64 result: bWFkb25uYQ==

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Encoding Process: madonna to bWFkb25uYQ==

About the '=' Padding

Base64 encoding requires the input length (in bytes) to be divisible by 3. If it's not, padding is added: Two '=' characters are added when the input length modulo 3 equals 1. This happens because the input length leaves a remainder of 1 when divided by 3, indicating that two more bytes are needed to complete the 3-byte group. This ensures the encoded output is properly aligned.

Step 1: Map ASCII Characters to Binary

ASCII Character	Binary Value
m	01101101
a	01100001
d	01100100
o	01101111
n	01101110
n	01101110
a	01100001

Step 2: Group Bits into 6-bit Chunks

The binary string is grouped into 6-bit chunks for Base64 encoding:

011011 010110 000101 100100 011011 110110 111001 101110 011000 01

Step 3: Convert Binary to Base64

Binary Value	Base64 Character
011011	b
010110	W
000101	F
100100	k
011011	b
110110	2
111001	5
101110	u
011000	Y
01	Q

When combined, these characters form the encoded string: "bWFkb25uYQ=="

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Base64 Decode

About the '=' Padding

Step 1: Map ASCII Characters to Binary

Step 2: Group Bits into 6-bit Chunks

Step 3: Convert Binary to Base64

More Base64 encodings