Encode toronto to Base64

Base64 result: dG9yb250bw==

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Base64 Encoded Result

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Encoding Process: toronto to dG9yb250bw==

About the '=' Padding

Base64 encoding requires the input length (in bytes) to be divisible by 3. If it's not, padding is added: Two '=' characters are added when the input length modulo 3 equals 1. This happens because the input length leaves a remainder of 1 when divided by 3, indicating that two more bytes are needed to complete the 3-byte group. This ensures the encoded output is properly aligned.

Step 1: Map ASCII Characters to Binary

ASCII Character	Binary Value
t	01110100
o	01101111
r	01110010
o	01101111
n	01101110
t	01110100
o	01101111

Step 2: Group Bits into 6-bit Chunks

The binary string is grouped into 6-bit chunks for Base64 encoding:

011101 000110 111101 110010 011011 110110 111001 110100 011011 11

Step 3: Convert Binary to Base64

Binary Value	Base64 Character
011101	d
000110	G
111101	9
110010	y
011011	b
110110	2
111001	5
110100	0
011011	b
11	w

When combined, these characters form the encoded string: "dG9yb250bw=="

Related Conversion Tools

Base64 Decode

About the '=' Padding

Step 1: Map ASCII Characters to Binary

Step 2: Group Bits into 6-bit Chunks

Step 3: Convert Binary to Base64

More Base64 encodings