Encode subcategories to Base64

Base64 result: c3ViY2F0ZWdvcmllcw==

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Encoding Process: subcategories to c3ViY2F0ZWdvcmllcw==

About the '=' Padding

Base64 encoding requires the input length (in bytes) to be divisible by 3. If it's not, padding is added: Two '=' characters are added when the input length modulo 3 equals 1. This happens because the input length leaves a remainder of 1 when divided by 3, indicating that two more bytes are needed to complete the 3-byte group. This ensures the encoded output is properly aligned.

Step 1: Map ASCII Characters to Binary

ASCII Character	Binary Value
s	01110011
u	01110101
b	01100010
c	01100011
a	01100001
t	01110100
e	01100101
g	01100111
o	01101111
r	01110010
i	01101001
e	01100101
s	01110011

Step 2: Group Bits into 6-bit Chunks

The binary string is grouped into 6-bit chunks for Base64 encoding:

011100 110111 010101 100010 011000 110110 000101 110100 011001 010110 011101 101111 011100 100110 100101 100101 011100 11

Step 3: Convert Binary to Base64

Binary Value	Base64 Character
011100	c
110111	3
010101	V
100010	i
011000	Y
110110	2
000101	F
110100	0
011001	Z
010110	W
011101	d
101111	v
011100	c
100110	m
100101	l
100101	l
011100	c
11	w

When combined, these characters form the encoded string: "c3ViY2F0ZWdvcmllcw=="

Related Conversion Tools

Base64 Decode

About the '=' Padding

Step 1: Map ASCII Characters to Binary

Step 2: Group Bits into 6-bit Chunks

Step 3: Convert Binary to Base64

More Base64 encodings