Encode rumsfeld to Base64

Base64 result: cnVtc2ZlbGQ=

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Base64 Encoded Result

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Encoding Process: rumsfeld to cnVtc2ZlbGQ=

About the '=' Padding

Base64 encoding requires the input length (in bytes) to be divisible by 3. If it's not, padding is added: One '=' character is added when the input length modulo 3 equals 2. This ensures the encoded output is properly aligned.

Step 1: Map ASCII Characters to Binary

ASCII Character	Binary Value
r	01110010
u	01110101
m	01101101
s	01110011
f	01100110
e	01100101
l	01101100
d	01100100

Step 2: Group Bits into 6-bit Chunks

The binary string is grouped into 6-bit chunks for Base64 encoding:

011100 100111 010101 101101 011100 110110 011001 100101 011011 000110 0100

Step 3: Convert Binary to Base64

Binary Value	Base64 Character
011100	c
100111	n
010101	V
101101	t
011100	c
110110	2
011001	Z
100101	l
011011	b
000110	G
0100	Q

When combined, these characters form the encoded string: "cnVtc2ZlbGQ="

Related Conversion Tools

Base64 Decode

About the '=' Padding

Step 1: Map ASCII Characters to Binary

Step 2: Group Bits into 6-bit Chunks

Step 3: Convert Binary to Base64

More Base64 encodings