Encode referendum to Base64

Base64 result: cmVmZXJlbmR1bQ==

Encode text to Base64 format

For encoded binaries (like images, documents, etc.) use the file upload form below.

Destination newline separator

Process each line as a separate Base64 string

Do not store in history

Split lines into chunks

Live mode

Encode base64 strings in real-time as you type or paste.

Base64 Encoded Result

Encode file to Base64 format

Charset:

Click to upload or drag and drop

Encoding Process: referendum to cmVmZXJlbmR1bQ==

About the '=' Padding

Base64 encoding requires the input length (in bytes) to be divisible by 3. If it's not, padding is added: Two '=' characters are added when the input length modulo 3 equals 1. This happens because the input length leaves a remainder of 1 when divided by 3, indicating that two more bytes are needed to complete the 3-byte group. This ensures the encoded output is properly aligned.

Step 1: Map ASCII Characters to Binary

ASCII Character	Binary Value
r	01110010
e	01100101
f	01100110
e	01100101
r	01110010
e	01100101
n	01101110
d	01100100
u	01110101
m	01101101

Step 2: Group Bits into 6-bit Chunks

The binary string is grouped into 6-bit chunks for Base64 encoding:

011100 100110 010101 100110 011001 010111 001001 100101 011011 100110 010001 110101 011011 01

Step 3: Convert Binary to Base64

Binary Value	Base64 Character
011100	c
100110	m
010101	V
100110	m
011001	Z
010111	X
001001	J
100101	l
011011	b
100110	m
010001	R
110101	1
011011	b
01	Q

When combined, these characters form the encoded string: "cmVmZXJlbmR1bQ=="

Related Conversion Tools

Base64 Decode

About the '=' Padding

Step 1: Map ASCII Characters to Binary

Step 2: Group Bits into 6-bit Chunks

Step 3: Convert Binary to Base64

More Base64 encodings