Encode pretoria to Base64

Base64 result: cHJldG9yaWE=

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Base64 Encoded Result

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Encoding Process: pretoria to cHJldG9yaWE=

About the '=' Padding

Base64 encoding requires the input length (in bytes) to be divisible by 3. If it's not, padding is added: One '=' character is added when the input length modulo 3 equals 2. This ensures the encoded output is properly aligned.

Step 1: Map ASCII Characters to Binary

ASCII Character	Binary Value
p	01110000
r	01110010
e	01100101
t	01110100
o	01101111
r	01110010
i	01101001
a	01100001

Step 2: Group Bits into 6-bit Chunks

The binary string is grouped into 6-bit chunks for Base64 encoding:

011100 000111 001001 100101 011101 000110 111101 110010 011010 010110 0001

Step 3: Convert Binary to Base64

Binary Value	Base64 Character
011100	c
000111	H
001001	J
100101	l
011101	d
000110	G
111101	9
110010	y
011010	a
010110	W
0001	E

When combined, these characters form the encoded string: "cHJldG9yaWE="

Related Conversion Tools

Base64 Decode

About the '=' Padding

Step 1: Map ASCII Characters to Binary

Step 2: Group Bits into 6-bit Chunks

Step 3: Convert Binary to Base64

More Base64 encodings