Encode kathryn to Base64

Base64 result: a2F0aHJ5bg==

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Encoding Process: kathryn to a2F0aHJ5bg==

About the '=' Padding

Base64 encoding requires the input length (in bytes) to be divisible by 3. If it's not, padding is added: Two '=' characters are added when the input length modulo 3 equals 1. This happens because the input length leaves a remainder of 1 when divided by 3, indicating that two more bytes are needed to complete the 3-byte group. This ensures the encoded output is properly aligned.

Step 1: Map ASCII Characters to Binary

ASCII Character	Binary Value
k	01101011
a	01100001
t	01110100
h	01101000
r	01110010
y	01111001
n	01101110

Step 2: Group Bits into 6-bit Chunks

The binary string is grouped into 6-bit chunks for Base64 encoding:

011010 110110 000101 110100 011010 000111 001001 111001 011011 10

Step 3: Convert Binary to Base64

Binary Value	Base64 Character
011010	a
110110	2
000101	F
110100	0
011010	a
000111	H
001001	J
111001	5
011011	b
10	g

When combined, these characters form the encoded string: "a2F0aHJ5bg=="

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Base64 Decode

About the '=' Padding

Step 1: Map ASCII Characters to Binary

Step 2: Group Bits into 6-bit Chunks

Step 3: Convert Binary to Base64

More Base64 encodings