Encode exhaust to Base64

Base64 result: ZXhoYXVzdA==

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Base64 Encoded Result

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Encoding Process: exhaust to ZXhoYXVzdA==

About the '=' Padding

Base64 encoding requires the input length (in bytes) to be divisible by 3. If it's not, padding is added: Two '=' characters are added when the input length modulo 3 equals 1. This happens because the input length leaves a remainder of 1 when divided by 3, indicating that two more bytes are needed to complete the 3-byte group. This ensures the encoded output is properly aligned.

Step 1: Map ASCII Characters to Binary

ASCII Character	Binary Value
e	01100101
x	01111000
h	01101000
a	01100001
u	01110101
s	01110011
t	01110100

Step 2: Group Bits into 6-bit Chunks

The binary string is grouped into 6-bit chunks for Base64 encoding:

011001 010111 100001 101000 011000 010111 010101 110011 011101 00

Step 3: Convert Binary to Base64

Binary Value	Base64 Character
011001	Z
010111	X
100001	h
101000	o
011000	Y
010111	X
010101	V
110011	z
011101	d
00	A

When combined, these characters form the encoded string: "ZXhoYXVzdA=="

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Base64 Decode

About the '=' Padding

Step 1: Map ASCII Characters to Binary

Step 2: Group Bits into 6-bit Chunks

Step 3: Convert Binary to Base64

More Base64 encodings