Encode councillor to Base64

Base64 result: Y291bmNpbGxvcg==

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Encoding Process: councillor to Y291bmNpbGxvcg==

About the '=' Padding

Base64 encoding requires the input length (in bytes) to be divisible by 3. If it's not, padding is added: Two '=' characters are added when the input length modulo 3 equals 1. This happens because the input length leaves a remainder of 1 when divided by 3, indicating that two more bytes are needed to complete the 3-byte group. This ensures the encoded output is properly aligned.

Step 1: Map ASCII Characters to Binary

ASCII Character	Binary Value
c	01100011
o	01101111
u	01110101
n	01101110
c	01100011
i	01101001
l	01101100
l	01101100
o	01101111
r	01110010

Step 2: Group Bits into 6-bit Chunks

The binary string is grouped into 6-bit chunks for Base64 encoding:

011000 110110 111101 110101 011011 100110 001101 101001 011011 000110 110001 101111 011100 10

Step 3: Convert Binary to Base64

Binary Value	Base64 Character
011000	Y
110110	2
111101	9
110101	1
011011	b
100110	m
001101	N
101001	p
011011	b
000110	G
110001	x
101111	v
011100	c
10	g

When combined, these characters form the encoded string: "Y291bmNpbGxvcg=="

Related Conversion Tools

Base64 Decode

About the '=' Padding

Step 1: Map ASCII Characters to Binary

Step 2: Group Bits into 6-bit Chunks

Step 3: Convert Binary to Base64

More Base64 encodings