Encode borough to Base64

Base64 result: Ym9yb3VnaA==

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Base64 Encoded Result

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Encoding Process: borough to Ym9yb3VnaA==

About the '=' Padding

Base64 encoding requires the input length (in bytes) to be divisible by 3. If it's not, padding is added: Two '=' characters are added when the input length modulo 3 equals 1. This happens because the input length leaves a remainder of 1 when divided by 3, indicating that two more bytes are needed to complete the 3-byte group. This ensures the encoded output is properly aligned.

Step 1: Map ASCII Characters to Binary

ASCII Character	Binary Value
b	01100010
o	01101111
r	01110010
o	01101111
u	01110101
g	01100111
h	01101000

Step 2: Group Bits into 6-bit Chunks

The binary string is grouped into 6-bit chunks for Base64 encoding:

011000 100110 111101 110010 011011 110111 010101 100111 011010 00

Step 3: Convert Binary to Base64

Binary Value	Base64 Character
011000	Y
100110	m
111101	9
110010	y
011011	b
110111	3
010101	V
100111	n
011010	a
00	A

When combined, these characters form the encoded string: "Ym9yb3VnaA=="

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Base64 Decode

About the '=' Padding

Step 1: Map ASCII Characters to Binary

Step 2: Group Bits into 6-bit Chunks

Step 3: Convert Binary to Base64

More Base64 encodings